Halloween Costumes: Who Decides?
October 26, 2011 at 3:22 am

Point Patriarchy Dresses Women for Halloween
by Katie Sauter
Counterpoint Celebrating Our Inner Slut
by Libby Howard

“Halloween is the one night a year when a girl can dress like a total slut, and no other girls can say anything about it” – Cady Heron, played by Lindsay Lohan, in Mean Girls.

Beginning in September, stores start setting up their Halloween displays. Candy and spooky decorations line the aisles of major party and grocery stores, and men and women can pick and choose from a vast array of costumes. For women, the options are seemingly endless, ranging from a devil to a Disney princess or even a nun. We could stop at the observation that men and women are presented with an equal variety of costume choices and conclude that women have equal rights, and thus, feminism has taken care of gender disparities in this department. But we could also delve deeper. By looking critically at these costumes, we would quickly realize that all of them are made out of the minimum amount of material possible with at least one of the following: a short skirt, low-cut top, and/or skin-tight material (yes, even the nun costume).

I want to preface this discussion by stating that I recognize the hard fight for sexual liberation the women’s rights movement has been involved in for years. In addition, I fully believe women should be able to freely embrace their sexuality in any way they desire, including the option to wear a sexy Halloween costume. However, currently, women are not able to make this choice freely. Regardless of how many costume options women have to choose from, the predicament the feminist movement faces concerning Halloween attire is that their selections have been censored by a corporate America—one that is dominated by men. Without this free choice, we cannot say women have comprehensive sexual liberation.

Patriarchal control dictates and defines women's Halloween costumes. There's little room for freely chosen sexual expression.

Women’s lack of choices in Halloween costumes is a result of our still dominantly patriarchal society. Halloween costumes are used as a mechanism to control women’s sexuality. You may question my reasoning here and ask, “If stores are putting out ‘sexy’ costumes isn’t that the stores’ fault?” The answer to that question is yes.

So you then may ask, “How can we blame ‘patriarchy’ for this?” To understand the answer we must look at who owns these stores. Gerald Rittenberg is the CEO of Party City, Hank Meijer is the CEO of Meijer, Steven Silverstein is the CEO of Spencer’s (which owns Spirit Halloween), and Jon Majdoch and Jalem Getz own Halloween Express. These are some of the top stores consumers go to for their Halloween costumes, and all of them are owned and operated by men. This gives these men the authority to select which products make it to the shelves. The control that these men possess demonstrates that patriarchy still reigns as a powerful system policing the acts of women.

Not only do the limited options presented to women encourage them to dress like “sluts,” whether they feel comfortable with it or not, these costumes also mock the advances that feminism has made. In the second wave of the women’s liberation movement, both women and men fought for equal job opportunities and fair treatment in the workplace. Although today we still face inequalities in this market, great advances have been made. The skimpy costumes of nurses, doctors, pilots, and police officers deride this progress. These costumes send two main messages. First, the costumes show that while it is presently more widely acceptable for a woman to be employed in a traditionally male occupation, she is still primarily valued for her physical appearance. Second, these “sexy” professional costumes validate and reinforce the idea that it is permissible to sexually objectify not only the women in these costumes, but also the women who actually have these careers.

Sexual liberation is one of the rights for which feminists have fought hard throughout the women’s rights movement. One way women should be able to express this right is by wearing anything they please for Halloween. Their costume choices, however, have been predetermined by our patriarchal society which continues to objectify the female body. Again, I want to emphasize that I am not saying that women should not be able to dress in this manner; women should be able to dress how they want. The issue arises out of the limited options women are presented with, which in turn impairs them from freely making a decision. Cady Heron may be right in that Halloween is the one time a year that women can dress like “sluts” without suffering the scorn of other women (or of men for that matter). If a woman wants to wear lingerie and rabbit ears and call herself a bunny, as Cady did, more power to her. But I question her ability to have made this decision without the influence of our patriarchal society. Hence, a woman being able to dress sexy for Halloween is not enough proof that we have attained sexual liberation. While dressing up in these outfits may be empowering, sexy and fun for some, there is no room to independently explore these expressions in the context of our patriarchal society.

Read the Counterpoint: "Celebrating Our Inner Slut"

About the Issue

Point author: Katie Sauter is a junior at U of M, studying Women’s Studies and Political Science. She is passionate about ending gender inequalities through her involvement with SafeHouse Center, the Women’s Issues Commission of MSA, and the CIAM Cancun Partnership.

Counterpoint author: Libby Howard is a sophomore at Lewis & Clark College, She is a spoken word poet and was Colorado Youth Slam champion two years in a row. For Halloween, she is going to be a gnome.

Edited by: Lexie Tourek and Lauren Opatowski

Cover by: Jill Brandwein


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    7 Comments

  • Farah says:

    This is the most bullshit article. For heaven’s sake, don’t wear the bloody costumes in the first place!! Make your own costumes! If you go to a store and they sell only sexy costumes, don’t wear it! Nobody is forcing these women – NOBODY! It’s their own bloody decision! Don’t blame men for your choices!! This is a free country! I am a woman and I choose NOT to wear slutty costumes. Girls wear such costumes because they bloody well want to appear sexy and slutty and even their everyday get-ups reflect this trend – their desire to be whorish! If your options at a costumes store are limited to slutty outfits and you have no time to make your own, then don’t wear any – NO ONE IS MAKING YOU!! You can live without dressing up like a whore. A woman has the freedom to NOT dress like a harlot if she WANTS to. But if you end up dressing like that, it indicates that you do not object to dressing like a slut in the first place and you end up objectifying yourself and your body. Don’t blame men – men have nothing to do with!! Of course men want to see us in slutty costumes, it is only natural – BUT WHY should you do it unless you want to appear sexy to a man? Girls and women wear such costumes because they want to appear sexy to a man! If females stop buying these costumes, they will stop making them. They are making such outfits only because there is a demand for them. Because YOU – a female, want to wear it and display your physical attributes to men. YOU WANT TO WEAR IT, YOU BUY IT, YOU END UP WEARING IT – ALL BECAUSE YOU WANT TO!!!!

  • I think Glen is right. Was Regina George. Sara, I think you bring good points… not anything new but still good points.

  • Dr. D says:

    What I find interesting is that neither opinion makes any note about how these “skimpy” costumes only come in limited sizes. If a woman is above a size 14, the choice has already been made that she doesn’t have the choice how to dress. The main message for these women is, “lose the weight or cover it up.” In response to this statement I say, “I am a size 16 woman who works out 5 days a week for at least 30 minutes to maintain that size.” So, like the comment about children’s costumes (above), the issues here are much broader and much deeper than the two authors have presented.

    • Steven says:

      if you have a problem with what’s available from halloween usa, then don’t buy anything from halloween usa. Plenty of people make their own costumes

  • Naomi says:

    I think that there’s also something to be said about children’s costumes. While I understand and respect both pieces main points, I think that there should also be consideration of children’s costumes, many of which reflect the similar sexualized patterns created by a patriarchally designed society and costume industry. In terms of agency, children are even more vulnerable to what is out there and have less agency themselves to make decisions that are for themselves and are educated and informed. When parents seek to help guide their children to a costume, it is interesting what sort of values and ideals they seek to emulate in that decision. The fact remains that many many costumes for girls promote the slutiness of costumes seen also for college students. To what extent should children be shielded from this? To what extent are the extremely gendered roles of costumes and sexualization of girls (and also boys) costumes due to the sexualized costumes intended for older individuals? Alternatively, to what extent is the slutiness in college costumes explained by training during the early years?
    http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/on-parenting/post/halloween-the-most-sexist-childrens-holiday/2011/10/20/gIQA3ss6JM_blog.html?hpid=z8

  • Sara says:

    The fact that Halloween presents a rare opportunity to escape from everyday slut-shaming, as illustrated by the movie quote and several of the points in both essays, itself points to a problem. Why should such opportunities be so rare? Why should there have to be a day of respite? Our cultural focus on ‘slutty’ Halloween costumes reinforces the contrast between that day and other days.

  • Glen Coco says:

    Cady Heron didn’t wear a bunny costume… You’re thinking of Regina George?